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Bull ant vision: the science and the numbers

Myrmecia gulosa · order Hymenoptera · Insects: all the numbers

The bull ant has 2 colour receptor classes (412 and 540 nm): mainly blues and yellows; reds and greens look alike.[1][2] Its sharpest vision resolves 0.29 cycles per degree, against 63.75 for people in this dataset.[6] The bull ant stops seeing flicker at 151.6 Hz, against 60 Hz for people.[24]

See it on your photoBack to How does the bull ant (Myrmecia gulosa) see?
  • 2colour receptor classesMeasured
  • 0.29cycles per degree (sharpness)Measured
  • 151.6hertz flicker fusion (motion)Measured

The bull ant (Myrmecia gulosa) is an insect in the order Hymenoptera. Its eyes belong to the vision type Bee, ant and locust UV trichromat: three receptor types (ultraviolet, blue and green, no red), a low-resolution compound eye and fast motion vision. Measured in this species: colour, sharpness, night vision and motion (flicker fusion). Measured core: measured values on at least 3 of the 6 dials.

This is a simulation built from published eye measurements, not what the animal experiences.

Method: How we know what animals see (the See Like Animals vision engine) · Sources · Last updated . Every value below carries its evidence level and sources; nothing is typed by hand.

What the bull ant sees: colour receptors

Bull ant colour receptor peaks, 300 to 700 nmBull ant: 2 receptor peaks at 412, 540 nm; you: 3 at 421.5, 532, 558.4 nm. ultraviolet300400500600700
Bull ant: 412, 540 nmPeople: 421.5, 532, 558.4 nmWavelength in nanometres

What stands out

  • It has two colour receptor classes (a dichromat): reds and greens fall on one axis, as in red-green colour blindness in people.
  • Its sharpest vision resolves 0.29 cycles per degree: the finest stripe pattern it can tell apart from grey.
  • It stops seeing flicker at 151.6 Hz, against 60 Hz for people in this dataset, so fast motion looks about 2.5 times slower to it.[25][26]
  • Activity pattern: cathemeral.

The six dials

Evidence levels: how the tiers work. "Measured" means a value measured in this species; "Estimated" values come from a close relative or an eye-size formula. The last column gives the values for people from the same catalogue.

Vision values for the bull ant (Myrmecia gulosa) (Myrmecia gulosa), catalogue-v1
DialValueEvidenceSourcesPeople
ColourColour receptors
2 receptor classes: 412 nm (VS/SWS (violet)), 540 nm (LWS (long))
measured in this species
Measured[1][2]Colour receptors: 3 receptor classes: 421.5 nm (VS/SWS (violet)), 532 nm (MWS (green)), 558.4 nm (LWS (long)) Measured (not re-verified)[1][3][4][5]
SharpnessAcuity
0.29 cycles per degree
median of 1 optical rows (method priority rule)
Measured[6]Acuity: 63.75 cycles per degree Measured[7][8]
Angle between facets
1.7°
minimum (acute-zone) interommatidial angle over sources; within caves2018: minimum (round-1 rule: mean of horizontal and vertical when both exist)
Measured[6]
Eye type
compound eye
Field of viewNo value in the catalogue.Binocular overlap: 122.5° Measured[9][10]
Total field of view: 200° Measured (not re-verified)[11]
Blind area behind the head: 160° Derived[11]
Eye placement: frontal Derived[9][10]
Sharp zones (foveas)Number of foveas
0
median of 90 relatives in class Insecta: Empis prodromus, Rhamphomyia albidiventris, Rhamphomyia breviventris, Rhamphomyia maculipennis, Rhamphomyia marginata, Rhamphomyia murina
Group default[12]Number of foveas: 1 Measured[13]
Fovea type: fovea Measured[13]
Fovea type
none		Group default[12]
Night visionActivity pattern
cathemeral
mode of 1 rows (of 1 rows): cathemeral
Measured[1]Activity pattern: diurnal Measured (not re-verified)[14][15][16][1][17][18][19][20]
Pupil shape: vertical Group default[21][22]
Reflective layer (tapetum): no Measured[23]
Rods vs cones: cone-dominated Derived[14][15][16][1][17][18][19][20]
Rods vs cones
no rods (invertebrate photoreceptors)
nocturnal -> rod-dominated; crepuscular / cathemeral / mixed -> mixed; diurnal -> cone-dominated
Derived[1]
Motion (flicker fusion)Flicker fusion frequency
151.6 Hz
median of 1 rows (no bright-light flag) (behavioural/whole-eye ERG rows; all rows: [151.6])
Measured[24]Flicker fusion frequency: 60 Hz Measured[25][26]

Other senses

  • polarisation vision: optional overlay of degree/angle of linear polarisation (Group default)

All insects side by side: Insects: every measurement. Method: how we know what animals see.

Sources

  1. Longcore 2023
  2. van der Kooi CJ, Stavenga DG… 2021
  3. Kirwan
  4. Müller et al. 2009
  5. Thermal Activation and Photoactivation of Visual… 2004
  6. Caves et al. 2018
  7. Kirk et al. 2004
  8. Veilleux et al. 2014
  9. Heesy 2004
  10. Heffner et al. 1992
  11. Campbell & Green 1965
  12. Comparative data for dance fly eye…
  13. Kopania et al. 2025
  14. Anderson et al. 2017
  15. Borges et al. 2018
  16. Wilman et al. 2014
  17. Maor et al. 2017
  18. Jones et al. 2009
  19. Schmitz et al. 2011
  20. Moura et al. 2024
  21. Banks et al. 2015
  22. Cervino et al. 2021
  23. Guareschi et al. 2025
  24. Haarlem et al. 2026
  25. Healy et al. 2013
  26. Inger et al. 2014

Every value cites its sources (all sources). Values were extracted from these works and converted (units, medians, derived values); changes are ours, and the listed sources do not endorse this site. Data: catalogue-v1, built 2026-09-29. Accuracy notes: how accurate is this? Method: how we know.